Protecting Physical Assets from Uncrewed Aerial Systems Attack

Key Features

This Defence and Security Accelerator (DASA) competition is seeking proposals that enhance physical defensive countermeasures which can be used to mitigate a Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) kinetic attack.

Programme:     DASA

Award:     Share of up to £750,000

Opens: 17th Apr 2024

Closes: 13th Jun 2024

Overview

This Defence and Security Accelerator (DASA) competition is seeking proposals that enhance physical defensive countermeasures which can be used to mitigate a Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) kinetic attack. The Counter UAS (C-UAS) technology market currently focuses on targeting the UAS in flight. The competition aims to shift away from conventional C-UAS methods and instead explores the most effective ways to physically safeguard various assets from hostile UAS. This includes options for hardening the asset, providing blanket last ditch defence and deploying automated alerts for incoming hostile UAVs.

This competition is funded by the National Protective Security Authority (NPSA), the Home Office and Dstl.

Scope

Background: The last line of defence

The war in Ukraine has demonstrated how vulnerable a wide range of military and civilian assets can be to UAS being used as part of a kinetic attack. The conflict has therefore seen widespread deployment of C-UAS capabilities, such as Detect, Track, and Identify (DTI) technologies, as well as electronic or kinetic effectors to stop a UAS n flight.

The widespread use of UAS has demonstrated three main limitations in the deployments of C-UAS technologies:

  1. the technologies are not always located in the right place to prevent a UAS attack
  2. the difficulty of maintaining a cohort of trained personnel who are also located in the right place to prevent a UAS attack
  3. the technology doesn’t fully mitigate the ever-developing UAS capabilities and tactics deployed to circumvent these technologies.

These factors highlight the need to go back to basics and underpin C-UAS technology with physical last ditch security countermeasures which can mitigate the effects of a kinetic UAS attack. The C-UAS technology market currently focuses on targeting the UAS in flight; an outer line of defence. This competition complements this work by concentrating on how best to protect an asset from an air raid by hostile UAS, including scenarios where the outer line of defense is breached or absent.

These measures will be the last line of defence when all other mitigations have proven ineffective. It is anticipated that these physical security countermeasures will provide a vital role in protecting critical assets and infrastructure around the UK, and also have a military application for protecting assets overseas.

The importance of protective security and the need to strengthen this aspect of the UK’s C-UAS  mitigation toolkit is a key focus for government. For more information on the C-UAS approach taken by government, the 2019 UK Counter-Uncrewed Aircraft Strategy can be found here and the refreshed UK Drone Security strategy is expected to be released mid 2024. This competition will address near term requirements as well as developing an understanding of potential future options and needs in this growing capability area.

Threat mitigation

Home Office, NPSA and Dstl are inviting industry to leverage novel physical protective countermeasures that can be utilised to reduce, or completely mitigate, the threat posed by one or more UAS being used as a weapon to fly into an asset and/or drop an explosive payload onto an asset.

The size of the protected asset can range from a single person through to a vehicle or a large building. Proposals need to outline the expected protection envelop from their proposed solutions in order to allow the authority to scope the proposal against a range of end use cases within three scenarios.  The scenarios will be delivered as Government Furnished Information (GFI) and will cover:

  • Scenario 1: Protection of a permanent asset (static)
  • Scenario 2: Protection of a temporary asset (static)
  • Scenario 3: Protection of an asset on the move

A range of successful bids will be supported to provide proof-of-concept trials, based upon the three scenarios, demonstrating the ability of the working design to protect an asset from an inbound UAS air raid. The competition is seeking a range of proposals:

  1. that produce evidence of a working design that has been validated in a recognised laboratory or a relevant environment to TRL 4 or 5. The competition welcomes proposals that outline an innovative approach to re-using existing products that have been designed for other industries, which may not have been tested to date, but which could be applied to the C-UAS protective security measures.
  2. relating to countermeasures designed to provide a degree of protection to assets from a range of kinetic energy threats realistically capable of being delivered by known threat and potential threat UAVs.
  3. where countermeasures are covertly deployed, or deployable in a discreet manner (i.e. to avoid detection by aerial surveillance). If the countermeasure is not  preinstalled, it must be rapidly and remotely deployable on command.

Eligibility

A variety of physical defensive approaches have been employed in the recent past to counter UAS attacks against both mobile assets and fixed installations. In recent conflicts, for example, protective canopies have been used to reduce the effect of UAS strikes/munition drops for assets on the move.  The issue with such approaches is that they can be seen by opposing forces who can then plan and adopt alternative attack approaches to counter them.  This competition seeks to move us beyond such limitations by introducing innovative approaches where protective capability can be deployed in a covert or discreet manner and activated automatically, where necessary, at the point of need.

As a minimum, the system needs to be rapidly deployable either by an operator or automatically as the last line of defence to protect an asset. However, the ideal system should be capable of passive deployment without the need for human intervention. Either way, the system may require a degree of early warning which could come from an existing UAS Detect, Track and Identify technology.

Out of scope ideas for this competition include established off the shelf technology which looks to directly interdict the air vehicle either;

  1. Electronically i.e. to jam, take control, or spoof the command link or GNSS of a UAS.
  2. or by using an active kinetic effect on the drone (i.e. high intensity lasers, EMPs, ammunition, etc.)

DASA want novel ideas to benefit end-users working in UK Defence and Security. Your proposal should include evidence of:

  • methods of robustly denying current and next generation drones from kinetic attacks against a range of assets
  • solutions against threats from different sized UAS, with varying payload capabilities
  • solutions that can protect a range of asset sizes
  • low cost solutions
  • limited training and operator burden
  • working designs at at least TRL 4 or 5
  • TEL 8 or 9 solutions which have been designed for other industries, which have not yet been tested for, but are expected could be applied to, the C-UAS market
  • theoretical development, method of advancement or proof of concept research which can demonstrate potential for translation to practical demonstration in later phases
  • innovation or a creative approach
  • clear demonstration of how the proposed work applies to any defence and security context

Competition Challenges

The competition has two challenges which aim to address the increasing threat against the security of UK military forces at home and abroad, as well as civilian assets, VIPs and the wider public. We are looking for responses that will contribute to solutions to at least one of the two challenges below.

Challenge 1: Protecting a static asset

This challenge is focused on providing protection to temporarily static or permanently fixed assets from hostile UAS, including assets that are either important to the functioning of a site or may pose a hazard to life or other assets if targeted in an attack.

An example scenario might include providing last ditch protection to pressurised fuel supply or storage systems at a refuelling station within Critical National Infrastructure against a hostile Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) carrying an explosive, where primary C-UAS systems have proven ineffective.

The solution should be deployable in a covert manner, easily hidden or masked so that basic reconnaissance will not result in the threat actor redirecting a mission to avoid the physical countermeasures deployed.  An ideal solution should be rapidly deployable by a remote operator if there is a credible UAS threat inbound.

For temporary assets, the solution needs to be easily redeployable, i.e. portable or semi-portable, so that it can be easily moved if the asset changes location or as the threat changes.

Challenge 2: Protecting an asset on the move

This challenge is focused on providing protection from hostile UAS to a moving asset. This might include a land or maritime vehicle, convoy of vehicles, or a person.

A typical example might include providing last resort protection to a protected person in a moving vehicle against an attack from a UAV, or protecting an asset in transport which may pose a hazard to life or other assets should it be subjected to an attack.

Such systems need to be fully portable rather than easily deployable so that they can be moved with the asset as it changes location or as the threat changes, as well as rapidly deployable/initiated remotely to protect the asset as the last line of defence if there is a credible UAS threat inbound.

DASA need a solution that can be deployable in a covert manner, easily hidden or masked so that basic reconnaissance will not result in the threat actor redirecting a mission to avoid the physical countermeasures deployed.

For further information on the competition, please see guidance notes here

Exclusions

DASA are not interested in proposals that:

  • are too complex for non-specialist operators, need highly trained technical operators, are expensive, or cannot be scaled
  • constitute consultancy, paper-based studies or literature reviews which just summarise the existing literature without any view of future innovation
  • are an unsolicited resubmission of a previous DASA bid
  • offer demonstrations of off-the-shelf products requiring no experimental development (unless applied in a novel way to the challenge)
  • offer no real long-term prospect of integration into defence and security capabilities
  • offer no real prospect of out-competing existing technological solutions

Funding Costs

The total funding available for this competition is £750,000 (excluding VAT).

Interested in applying for this competition?

Book an appointment to speak to one of our advisors to discuss your eligibility to apply for this Grant Funding opportunity.